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	<title>political economy &#8211; Unity–Struggle–Unity</title>
	<atom:link href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/tag/political-economy/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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	<description>THE PEOPLE NEED A PRESS!</description>
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	<title>political economy &#8211; Unity–Struggle–Unity</title>
	<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org</link>
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<site xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">209836192</site>	<item>
		<title>Pan-Africanism</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/pan-africanism/</link>
					<comments>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/pan-africanism/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Sep 2022 13:58:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[internationalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nationality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[revolutionary organizing]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://unity-struggle-unity.org/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=767</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This is the political project of creating solidarity and revolutionary action between all African communities across the entire diasporic population. It is<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/pan-africanism/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is the political project of creating <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/solidarity/" target="_self" title="Solidarity is giving support to a stranger on their own terms. It is different from philanthropy because it is given on the stranger's terms, not that of the giver.   It is the fundamental ethos of the workers' movement.   Solidarity is necessary to organize workers and to create labor movements; workers join together to…" class="encyclopedia">solidarity</a> and revolutionary action between all African communities across the entire diasporic population. It is one way in which global anti-Blackness can be combatted. Pan-Africanism urges the countries of Africa to band together to throw off the chains of neocolonialism, which is necessary because of the historical forced underdevelopment of Africa by the Atlantic slave trade, and the union of interests and solidarity of movements in diasporic African communities (e.g., New Afrika in the U.S. Empire, Afro-Caribbean movements in Latin America, etc.).</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">767</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Capitalist</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/capitalist/</link>
					<comments>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/capitalist/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Aug 2022 01:54:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[basic terms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[class]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[productive relations]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=285</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Another word for an &#8220;owner,&#8221; that is, a member of the bourgeoisie; i.e., someone who owns capital but does not support themselves<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/capitalist/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Another word for an “owner,” that is, a member of the <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/bourgeoisie-the/" target="_self" title="One of the three primary classes of industrial capitalism. The bourgeoisie are identified by the following primary relations of production: Members of this class own the means of production. Members of this class do not perform labor for their own support." class="encyclopedia">bourgeoisie</a>; i.e., someone who owns <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/capital/" target="_self" title="(generally) Anything which is used to procure or extract surplus value. Capital is not a static definition, but rather constitutes an economic relation. Machinery that forms the instruments of production, such as industrial machinery and property that is a condition of production, such as farmland or the physical fabric of a factory, are both forms…" class="encyclopedia">capital</a> but does not support themselves through their own <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/labor/" target="_self" title="Exertion of human effort through which the natural environment is altered.   The elements of the labor-process are:   1. the personal activity of a person (effort);   2. the subject of labor (what is being changed), and;   3. the instruments of labor.   The subjects and instruments of labor together comprise the means…" class="encyclopedia">labor</a>.</p>
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">285</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>State</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/state/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2022 22:57:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[basic terms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=256</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[(see also, class dictatorship)   The &#8220;public power&#8221; which no longer directly coincides with the population organizing itself. This public power becomes<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/state/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>(see also, <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/class-dictatorship/" target="_self" title="(see also, state)   This is the term used to describe the situation wherein a single class obtains and maintains control over political power. All states are class dictatorships - they question is merely which class they serve.   The current form of the state is a dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, the dictatorship of the…" class="encyclopedia">class dictatorship</a>)</em><br>
 <br>
The “public power” which no longer directly coincides with the population organizing itself. This public power becomes necessary as a matter of historical development when society splits into classes. The public power consists “not merely of armed men but also of <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/material/" target="_self" title="When used as an adjective, meaning actual, really-existing, and rooted in actual, physical reality. A material benefit, for example, is a real, physical benefit: improved conditions, food, money, capital, what-have-you." class="encyclopedia">material</a> adjuncts, prisons, and institutions of coercion of all kinds”. </p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">256</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Stagism</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/stagism/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2022 22:56:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[deviations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=255</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The theory, a chief proponent of which was Georgi Plekhanov, the Menshevik, which posits that societies must go through varying stages of<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/stagism/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The theory, a chief proponent of which was Georgi Plekhanov, the Menshevik, which posits that societies must go through varying stages of revolution before they can reach Communism; in particular, that societies must pass through the feudal <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/mode-of-production/" target="_self" title="Modes of production are determined by the sum total of the productive relationships (see relations of production) that exist in any society. Capitalism, feudalism, socialism, and so on are all modes of production. It is possible to identify these in even finer divisions: mercantilism is a form of the proto-capitalist mode of production, for example,…" class="encyclopedia">mode of production</a> and then a stage of <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/capitalism/" target="_self" title="A mode of production in which the private ownership of the means of production predominates, and under which the only logic of production is the generation of profit AKA surplus value. Capitalism is typified by the logic of capital and it is dominated by commodity production. The three primary classes of capitalism are: the bourgeoisie,…" class="encyclopedia">capitalism</a> before they can begin <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/socialist-construction/" target="_self" title="This is the period during which the material basis for socialism is being laid down. Productive relations are being changed, social formations are being altered, and, in the periphery, productive forces are being expanded." class="encyclopedia">socialist construction</a>.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">255</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Solidarity</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/solidarity/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2022 22:55:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[revolutionary organizing]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=253</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Solidarity is giving support to a stranger on their own terms. It is different from philanthropy because it is given on the<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/solidarity/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Solidarity is giving support to a stranger on their own terms. It is different from philanthropy because it is given on the stranger’s terms, not that of the giver.<br>
 <br>
It is the fundamental ethos of the workers’ movement.<br>
 <br>
Solidarity is necessary to organize workers and to create <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/labor/" target="_self" title="Exertion of human effort through which the natural environment is altered.   The elements of the labor-process are:   1. the personal activity of a person (effort);   2. the subject of labor (what is being changed), and;   3. the instruments of labor.   The subjects and instruments of labor together comprise the means…" class="encyclopedia">labor</a> movements; workers join together to aid one another on the mere grounds that they share a <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/classes-social/" target="_self" title="A social class is, broadly speaking, a group of individuals who share material interests based on their relation to the means of production as well as the judicial and economic relations of their society. &quot;Classes are large groups of people differing from each other by the place they occupy in a historically determined system of…" class="encyclopedia">class</a>. This is a necessary prerequisite to defeating the <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/ruling-classes/" target="_self" title="Dependent on the prevailing mode of production. The ruling class or classes are a product of class society and generally maintain their position through use of the state. The current ruling class is the bourgeoisie, in particularly the monopoly capitalists or imperialist bourgeoisie." class="encyclopedia">ruling classes</a> at their game of divide-and-conquer.<br>
 <br>
Thus, solidarity is the ethos of the social revolution, for it is only in standing in solidarity with all oppressed and working people that the revolution can be victorious.<br>
 <br>
Just as the socialized <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/means-of-production/" target="_self" title="(see also, relations of production)   These are the tools and furnishings with which any society engages in wide scale production. In industrial capitalism the means of production are factories, factory equipment, land, and industrial machinery. The means of production cover two broad categories: subjects of labor such as raw materials; the things upon which…" class="encyclopedia">means of production</a> are the necessary prerequisite for the Communist movement and scientific socialism, so they too does this socialization produce the ethic of solidarity as the only means of combatting the power of the bosses.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">253</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Reproductive labor time</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/reproductive-labor-time/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2022 22:55:39 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=252</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The amount of time that each worker must work in order to reproduce their own class position. The working day is divided<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/reproductive-labor-time/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The amount of time that each worker must work in order to reproduce their own <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/classes-social/" target="_self" title="A social class is, broadly speaking, a group of individuals who share material interests based on their relation to the means of production as well as the judicial and economic relations of their society. &quot;Classes are large groups of people differing from each other by the place they occupy in a historically determined system of…" class="encyclopedia">class</a> position. The working day is divided between reproductive time and <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/257/" target="_self" title="Any period during which the worker has already made back the value of their wage and yet is still producing commodities for the capitalist. The formula for calculating surplus value can be taken as follows: Where c = constant capital (capital outlay on raw materials, machines, electricity, factory space, etc.), v = variable capital (capital…" class="encyclopedia">surplus value</a>. The necessary <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/labor/" target="_self" title="Exertion of human effort through which the natural environment is altered.   The elements of the labor-process are:   1. the personal activity of a person (effort);   2. the subject of labor (what is being changed), and;   3. the instruments of labor.   The subjects and instruments of labor together comprise the means…" class="encyclopedia">labor</a> time of any given class is dictated by the commodities that society deems necessary to the continued existence of members of that class. The most basic commodities are shelter, clothing, food, and access to some basic form of transportation.<br>
 <br>
In the U.S. empire, the reproductive <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/value/" target="_self" title="Marx identifies three values that exist under commodity production: labor value, a quantitative measure of how much work is expended to create a commodity; use value, a qualitative measure of the properties of a commodity and what it is used for (food for eating, coats for wearing, and so on); and exchange value, a quantitative…" class="encyclopedia">value</a> of the <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/proletariat/" target="_self" title="The class that is defined by lack of ownership of means of production that must work to sustain itself." class="encyclopedia">proletariat</a> usually encompasses certain means of communication (phones), modes of receiving <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/state/" target="_self" title="(see also, class dictatorship)   The &quot;public power&quot; which no longer directly coincides with the population organizing itself. This public power becomes necessary as a matter of historical development when society splits into classes. The public power consists &quot;not merely of armed men but also of material adjuncts, prisons, and institutions of coercion of all…" class="encyclopedia">state</a> propaganda (television, computers), and so forth. These are all considered to be necessarily covered by wages, and therefore are factored into <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/reproductive-labor/" target="_self" title="The conditions that permit people to exercise their labor power don’t occur naturally; that is, the work force must eat, sleep, replenish lost calories, regenerate their muscles, and eventually replace the members of the workforce who die from sickness and old age. Nor do the conditions of the generalized exercise of labor power reproduce themselves…" class="encyclopedia">reproductive labor</a> time for most proletarians in the U.S.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">252</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Socialist construction</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/socialist-construction/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2022 22:54:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[basic terms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=251</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This is the period during which the material basis for socialism is being laid down. Productive relations are being changed, social formations<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/socialist-construction/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is the period during which the <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/material/" target="_self" title="When used as an adjective, meaning actual, really-existing, and rooted in actual, physical reality. A material benefit, for example, is a real, physical benefit: improved conditions, food, money, capital, what-have-you." class="encyclopedia">material</a> basis for socialism is being laid down. Productive relations are being changed, social formations are being altered, and, in the periphery, <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/productive-forces/" target="_self" title="The forces of production are the instruments of production, the people who operate those instruments and carry on the production of material values through experience and labor skill." class="encyclopedia">productive forces</a> are being expanded.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">251</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Security forces</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/security-forces-state/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2022 22:53:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[revolutionary organizing]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=250</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This term generally refers to the police, intelligence services (in the case of the United States this would be the F.B.I., C.I.A.,<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/security-forces-state/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This term generally refers to the police, intelligence services (in the case of the United States this would be the F.B.I., C.I.A., N.S.A., the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Reconnaissance Office, the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force Intelligence Agencies, the Depart of Energy’s Office of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence, the Depart of Homeland Security’s Office of Intelligence and Analaysis and U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence, the Drug Enforcement Agency’s Office of National Security Intelligence, the Department of <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/state/" target="_self" title="(see also, class dictatorship)   The &quot;public power&quot; which no longer directly coincides with the population organizing itself. This public power becomes necessary as a matter of historical development when society splits into classes. The public power consists &quot;not merely of armed men but also of material adjuncts, prisons, and institutions of coercion of all…" class="encyclopedia">State</a>’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research, and the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Intelligence and Analysis), and armed forces of any state.</p>
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">250</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Revolutionary masses</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/revolutionary-masses/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2022 22:51:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[basic terms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[revolutionary organizing]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=247</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The proletariat and lower sections of the petit-bourgeoisie when taken together en masse. The revolution springs from the revolutionary masses.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/proletariat/" target="_self" title="The class that is defined by lack of ownership of means of production that must work to sustain itself." class="encyclopedia">proletariat</a> and lower sections of the <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/petit-bourgeoisie/" target="_self" title="The class which is defined by ownership of the means of production that must work to maintain itself." class="encyclopedia">petit-bourgeoisie</a> when taken together <em>en masse</em>. The revolution springs from the revolutionary masses.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Reaction</title>
		<link>https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/reaction-reactionary/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Comrade Editor J. Katsfoter]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2022 22:48:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[political economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[revolutionary organizing]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://box2496.temp.domains/~unitystr/?post_type=encyclopedia&#038;p=245</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This term refers to both the class-forces and individuals that represent or desire a return to a prior time or period. Reactionaries<p class="link-more"><a class="myButt " href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/reaction-reactionary/">Read More</a></p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This term refers to both the <a href="https://unity-struggle-unity.org/encyclopedia/classes-social/" target="_self" title="A social class is, broadly speaking, a group of individuals who share material interests based on their relation to the means of production as well as the judicial and economic relations of their society. &quot;Classes are large groups of people differing from each other by the place they occupy in a historically determined system of…" class="encyclopedia">class</a>-forces and individuals that represent or desire a return to a prior time or period. Reactionaries are opposed to social progress. In the period of revolution, reactionaries are also counter-revolutionaries. This term is also used more broadly to refer to all social conservatives.</p>
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